Introduction Obesity is a metabolic disease defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat that poses a risk to an individual’s health. It is caused...

This guide discusses how to approach performing a focused examination of a patient with Cushing’s syndrome in an OSCE setting. Download the Cushing’s syndrome examination PDF...

Introduction Osteoporosis means “porous bone“. It is a progressive, systemic skeletal disorder characterised by reduced bone density and defects within the microstructure of bone. This...

Introduction Hyponatraemia occurs when there is a relative excess of water in the body compared to sodium. It is the most common electrolyte abnormality...

Introduction Hypercalcaemia is defined as an adjusted serum calcium of >2.6 mmol/L.1 While there are various causes of hypercalcaemia, this will focus on hypercalcaemia associated...

Introduction Hypothyroidism occurs when there is insufficient thyroid hormone production and secretion by the thyroid gland to meet the body’s demands. The most common cause of...